Philosopher ropui, khawvel awmchhunga an hming dai leh tawh ngai lo turte thukhawchang ṭhenkhat hi i’n thlirho thuak thuak teh ang u.
SOCRATES (470 BC – 399 BC)
Socrates-a thupui, a thu leh hla, a vei zawng innghahna bul ber (tenets) pathumte:-
1. Chhungril nun ṭha dik tak chu ‘hriatna’ (knowledge) nen a thuhmun a ni.
2. Chhungril nun ṭha lo leh suahsualna hi mawlna, hriatna tlakchham vang emaw finnain a tihfuh loh emaw rah a ni.
3. Thil tihsual leh fuh lo reng reng hi chu duh thu ngeia tih ni lovin, tihfuh loh palh leh tihsual an ni chawk a ni.
-Socrates-a chuan he chhungril nunna (soul) hi ngaihsaka chawm ṭhat tur a ni a, duat tur a ni tiin a sawi a. Kan chhungril ze ṭha leh hamṭhatna bik kan neih (virtue) leh finna (wisdom) chu kan thil tih tur engkim kan tih hmain kan bih chiang hmasa ang a, chhungril lam nun ṭha leh finna ril tak chu thu titlutu atan hman tur a ni tih hi a zirtir pawimawh ber pakhat a ni.
Socrates-a thukhawchang ṭhenkhat:
*Mihring finna (human wisdom) chu mahni hriatlohna (ignorance) pawm ngamna (recognition) aṭangin a inṭan a ni.
*Mahni nun inbihchiang lo chu nung tlak (worth) a ni lo.
*Chhungril nun ṭha (ethical virtue) chauh hi engkima lak tlak awm chhun a ni.
*Mi ṭha chu a tihchhiat theih ngai loh. Vanduaina leh chhiatna ni awm tak ten tlakbuak mah se, a nun ze ṭha (virtue) chu a ngaiin awm reng a, a pangngai reng a ni.
*Mipa leh hmeichhiate pasalṭhatna chu a inang lo. Mipate pasalṭhatna chu thupetu an nihnaah a nih laiin hmeichhiate erawh chu thuzawmtu an nihnaah a ni thung. Ngawih hi hmeichhiate ropuina a ni.
PLATO (428/27 BC – 347 BC)
Ram rorelna chi thumah a ṭhen a, chungte chu:
*Mi pakhat, inthlahchhawnna aṭanga roreltu pakhat (Monarchism) = Mi mal thuneihna (Dictatorship).
*Mi tlemte rorelna a ṭha zawnga kal (Aristocracy) = Mi tlemte rorelna, mahni duh dan dana rorelna (Oligarchy).
*Mipui vantlang rorelna (Democracy) ṭha mi leh chhe mi a awm.
Ram mipui chi thuma a ṭhen dan- Reason, Spirit leh Appetite Class.
Reason Class = Ngaihtuahna, finna thuk ber, Guardians/Philosopers (Roreltu pawl).
Spirit Class = Raltu mi, rilru leh ngaihtuahna rorumna lam thil (Venghimtu pawl).
Appetite Class = Hnathawktu pawl (working class).
Communism in Wives (Nupui Pasal inṭawm): Ideal State-ah chuan mihring chi ṭha bik, hleitling, hrisel, fing leh nalh, chak leh hmelṭhate chauh khua leh tui (Citizens) neih theih nan chi ṭha bik inthlah chhawn dan (Eugenic method) hi hman a ṭul. Chubakah hlemhletna (corruption) tihbo nan nupui fanau bik neih loh a ṭha ber. Hmangaihna leh inngaihzawn thil vel avanga buaina hian khawtlangah harsatna tam tak a thlen a, chutiang thil tihbo (social problem sut kian) nan chuan a ṭha dawn bawk. Ram inpumkhat nan, chi leh chi, ṭawng hrang hrang, nu leh pa bik tihte awm lova, ram chu nu leh paa an neih maina turin a ṭha viau dawn bawk a. Greek hnam tundin zel nan a ṭha dawn bawk a ni. Ram tana rinawmna (patriotism) leh ram inpumkhatna (National Integration) atan a tih chibawk ang.
Chubakah, mihring tam leh tlem thuah, ṭul leh duh dan angin (population) dan a kenkawh theih dawn bawk a ni.
Chi thlahtu atana ṭha thlanchhuah mipa leh hmeichhiate chu eng hunpui/kȗt-ah emaw rei lo deuh (temporary marriage) an inkawp ang a, ram tan hlimna chen pahin chi thlah hna an thawk ang. Mi mal tan ni lo ram tan an che ang. An pualin engmah an nei lo ang a, awm khawmna siam (barrack)-ah an awm mai ang a, chawm an ni ang a, chawei dawhkan an kil ho ang a, an mamawh awm tawk pek an ni chauh ang. Thil dangah an inham buai tur a ni lo.
He inkawpna (temporary marriage) aṭanga nau piangte chu an pian veleh State (Ram) ta an ni nghal ang a. Nau neitu nuten hnute an pe ang a, mahse mahni fa bik an hre tur a ni lo. Zan lamah chuan nurse-ten an enkawl mai ang. State nurse-ten an enkawl ang a, nu bik, pa bik an nei lovin an hre dawn lo a, State (Ram) fate an ni tawp mai dawn a ni.
Atheni-ah ni lovin, Sparta-ah he ‘Communism in Wives’ hi an hmang nghe nghe.
Communism in property (Bungraw inṭawm): Communism in wives ang thovin ram ṭhatna turin roreltu sangte (Guardians/Philosophers) leh venghimtu sipai ten ṭha taka hna an thawh theih nan, sum leh pai leh bungrua (property)-a inhambuai lo tur leh inelna dik lova intihbuai lohna tur a ni. Ram tana zirtir chhuah bik (philosophers)-te tan chuan an rilruah mi tana inpekna a lo ngheh tel tawh avangin, ropuina leh hausakna ten hmun an nei tawh lo vang a, an pualin engmah bik an nei tur a ni lo. Ram tan an inpe hlawm hlak mai tur a ni.
Chutih rual chuan, heng communism in wives leh property hi roreltu fing bik (philosophers)-ho leh venghimtu (spirit class)-te tan bik a ni a. working class-ho vethung chuan nunphung pangaiin mahni pual an nei thung ang. Mahse citizens an ni pha ve lo thung ang.
Plato-a Communism Vs. Tunlai Communism: A inan lohna chu Plato-a communism hi vantlang chung lama mite tan chauh niin, fel takin justice hmangin rualkhai takin a rel fel nghal bawk. Tun laia communism chu mi zawng zawng tan a ni a, hotu leh mi lianten thil an ngah (ru) thur thur thung a ni.
Plato-a thukhawchang ṭhenkhat:
*Nau pian ṭha hi an ṭhang ṭha ber a, insawizawina tel lova ṭhanlen hi chhiatna tinreng bul a ni.
*Hausakna hi intihbuaina leh inngeih lohna hringtu nu (mother - a kungpui ber) a ni e. (Paula pawhin tangka sum ngainat (atchilh leh lungkham) lutuk chu sual tinreng bul a ni a tih ang khan).
*Mi (quality) inang chi inneih loh hi a ṭul. Mi rilru/ze kal khat hlir hrin mai a hlauhawm.
*Mipain a nupui tur hausak avang ngawta a neih chu a ṭha lova, chutianga a neih chuan a nupui tirhchhiahah a kun ngei ang. Tin, innei turte chu, mize inang lo, duhdan inmil lo, mi hrang an ni tur a ni. Chutiang mi innei chuan an intifamkim a, nun a kal khat (one-track minded) lo a ni.
*Zirna tel lovin hmasawnna puitling a neih theih loh.
*Mawlna chu taksa huat zawng ei leh ina tilui zel chunga damdawi ei ang chauh a ni.
*Hnam mawl ni lo Greek mia ka lo pian a vang te, sal ni lo mi zalena ka lo pian avang te, hmeichhia ni lo mipa-a ka lo pian avang te mai ni lovin Socrates-a hunlaia ka lo pian ve avang hian Pathian hnenah lawmthu awm rawh se.
ARISTOTLE (384 BC – 322 BC)
Aristotle-a khan lehkhabu lakhawmin, library ṭha tak mai a nei a, a zirtirtu Plato-a khan vawikhat chu a chenna in chu a rawn tlawh a, “lehkhabu chhiartu in (house of the reader)” a ti hial a ni.
Communism in wives/property chungchanga a ngaihdan:
Theihtawp chhuaha hna rim leh hautak thawk tak tak tur chuan mahni tan ngeia hlawkna a awm a ṭul a. Chutianga mahni hlawkna tur lovah chuan miin State (Ram) hmangaih vang ringawtin hlauhawm leh harsa bikte an hmachhawn ṭha peih reng lovang. Thil hi mi tin ta a nih reng rengin mahni ta anga enna tak tak a awm thei lo. Mi zawng zawng huap thilah chuan ngaihsak ṭhatu an tlem zel a ni. Hmun khata chenho dual dual ringawt te, engkim inṭawm te, rosum inṭawm te hi thil tih tak tak theih loh a ni. Inngeihlohna a chhuak vat mai ṭhin.
Dan chungchang (Rule of Law) a ngaihdan: Dan hi a pawimawh hle. Dan ang thlapa duan chhuah Danpui hi a lal ber tur a ni. Mi pakhat kuta dan awm vek chi hi chu a famkim lovin a ṭha tluantling duh lo fo (a thu maia ṭha a ni a, chhung lam ṭhat bikna ‘virtue’ leh thuneihna sang lutuk hi inrem taka kalpui reng theih loh tluk a ni.). Ram inawpna Dan (Constitution) mumal taka innghat hmanga ram enkawl a, chuta ṭanga dan tesep (acts leh rules, regulations)-te siam leh chu a ṭha ber ang.
Slave (Sal) chungchanga a ngaihdan:
Mahnia finna nei ṭha lo, mi buh, chhawih leh finna lam rualbanlo hi sal a ni. Chutiang mi chuan mi fing zawkte remruatna hnuaia nun leh khawsaka, mahni inenkawlna an lo hmuh chu a dik a, anmahni tan a ṭha a ni. Mi chungnung zawk leh thiltithei zawkte tan lah an mamawh tihsaktu, hlimna thlentu an lo ni vethunga, inmamawh tawn an ni.
Leilung dan hrim hrimah a dikin thil inrem leh inhmeh tak a ni a, mihring nun chhungril zawk (soul) chu taksa (body) aiin a ropuiin a chungnung zawk a, chutiang bawkin mi fing lo leh hnuaihnung zawk chu mi fing leh thiltithei zawk hnuaia sal a nih chu a dik a ni. Ama mamawhna ve reng avangin sal chu a pu hnena a intukluh zarah a nun khua a nuam ve thei dawn a ni.
Aristotle-a thukhawchang ṭhenkhat:
*Ram chhung thil ngaih pawimawh chi leh Danpui ngaisang tur zawnga zirna (Education) hi kalpui tur a ni.
*Mihring hi enkawl ṭhat chuan nunna nei zinga ṭha ber a ni a, enkawl ṭhat loha thlah zal mai mai a nih chuan nunna nei zinga ṭha lo ber a ni thung.
*State chu mihringte nun a lo ṭhan zel a, a invawrh chhoh zel nan, chutianga an nun lo ṭha ta, good life an neih theih nan chuan a lo piang a ni.
*Mi tumah, mi mal hi fing famkim an awm lova, a huhova finna thawhkhawm hi a fing ber a ni. Chuvangin ngun taka Dan, finna thawhkhawm siam chu mi mal aiin a lal zawk tur a ni.
*Rorelna ṭha kalpui tur chuan mi thiam, fel leh chak, tam vak lo (Aristocrats)-te rorelna hi a ṭha ber ang.
*Mi tam puiin sorkar thil relho vek sen a ni lova, mi tlem te, mi fing leh felten an ngaihtuah hi a fuh duh ber a. Mi an tam lutuk chuan, ‘Ngaihdan a tam, pawm dan a tam,’ tih ang mai hian rorel a harsa duh a ni.
*Inthlanna thilah pawh mi zawng zawng hi inthlanaah an tel vek kher tur a ni lo. Mi zawng zawngin mi ṭha an hre fuh lo thei a ni.
*Aristocracy pawh a kal sual ve thei tho. Sum ngah ten tangka hmangin nihna an lei thei.
*Mi rethei, mi fing lutuk loten a huhova an rel chu ṭhatna tak a awm ve thei. Tui pawh a tam na na na chuan pawlh nut chhiat a har.
*Democracy hnuaia thil harsa tak chu, mipui nawlpui duhdan leh rorelna ṭha kalkawptir hi a ni a. Fing leh fel, ṭha leh tlo tur hi chu mipui pungkhawm duhdan sa phut hian a rel chhuak mawh hle.
(‘Greek Mi fingte’ tih lehkhabu, F. Malsawma ziah aṭanga lakchhuah a ni)
- Compiled By : Nanaua Chawngthu
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