I VANGLAI HIAN I SIAMTU HRE RENG RAWH

Ṭhalai han tih hian kum 15 atanga kum 45 vel bawr thleng kan huam tir ṭhin a, kan rilru sukthlek leh kan khawvel hawi lam pawh thlak thleng hun lai tak a ni awm e. Hemi kum kan pelh tawh lam hi chuan kan rilru sukthlek te hi kan thlak zung zung mawh tawh khawp mai. Chanchinbu mi pakhat Benjamin Disraeli chuan “Tleirawl lai hun hi nun duh dah lai a ni a, puitlin lai hi tan lak vak lai a ni a, tar hun hi chu inchhir hun ani” alo tia a dik hmel khawp mai ka ti ṭhin. Ṭhatlai hun hi chuan kan thil ngaihtuah te hi 50% vel hi chu keimahni tan hian a ni mai a, kan han puitling chho a, chhungkua te kan han din a chhungkaw chhawmtu han nih tawh chuan tan lak vak a ngai tawh ṭhin reng a, chutah kan han tar anga kan hun hlui te kan han thlir kir anga siamṭhat ngai lai tam tak alo awm ngei ang a inchhir hun a ni tawh dawn si a. Chuvang tak chu a ni a kan tun hun, kan ṭhat lai hun hi alo pawimawh em em ni!! Pian leh thih hian damdawi a nei lova, a inkar hmang nuam thei turin in veng ṭha mai rawh. Ṭhalai kan nih chhunga kan hun hman dan atana ka duh dan te tlem in thlirzau ila :

RILRU SUKTHLEK : Harvard University a thawk William James-a chuan, ‘Ṭhangthar khawvel in a hmuhchhuah thil ropui ber chu mahni rilru sukthlek tih danglam hian kan nun pum a ti danglam thei a ni, tih hi a ni’ a ti a. He thu hi hrilhfiah hranpa ngailo khawp a thudik chiang sa a ni. Mipui pungkhawmna a Balloon thlawk chi zuar ṭhin mi pakhat chuan a kawr hmawr a pawttu awm hian a hre tlat a, a Balloon a hralh theih loh deuh changin rawng chi hrang hrang te chu a thlawhchhuah tir ṭhin a. Chu chu hmuin naupang te chuan an rawn dawr fo ṭhin. Mahse, tunah tak hi chuan tumah in an rawn dawr si lova. Engin nge a kawr hmawr chu pawt che leh lawih ṭhin le? A han en a, naupang pakhat hian engemaw zawh tumin a lo pawt a ni tih a hre ta a. "Ka pu, i Balloon zawrh te hi boruak-ah, vansang tak tak thlengin an thlawk thei tih ka hmu a. Rawng chi hrang hrang i thlawhtir te pawh khi ka hmu a, mahse, balloon rawng dum nei ta la, chu chu a thlawk ve thei tho ang em?" tiin a zawt ta reuh a. Balloon zuartu chuan tha tho leh ti tak hmel zet a en in, naupang chu uluk takin a chhang ta a. "Mama, ka Balloon tih thlawh te khi an rawng avang a thlawk an ni hleinem. Balloon chhung a awm boruak danglam tak vang a thlawk khi an ni zawk asin," a ti a. A ni asin, pawn lam lang thei thil leh incheina te, kan landan leh kan pianphung te, kan sum leh ro thil neih te ni lovin, keimahni a awm kan ze ril ber leh mihring min nih tir tu kan chhungril nun hian alawm kan hlawhtlin leh hlawhchham hril thin zawk ni.! Zir bing mite chuan miin hna an hmuh emaw, a hna atang a a kaisan emaw chhan 100 zel a 80 (80%) chu an rilru sukthlek (Attitude) vang a ni tih an hmuchhuak, chutiang bawkin 15% la chuang te hlawhtlin chhan chu finna (intelligence) leh Hriatna (Knowledge) vang a ni tih an hmuchhuak bawk. Heta Hriatna leh finna kan tih hi zirlaibu hmang a zirthiamna a kawk a, mahse, hna hmu thar leh an hna aṭang a kaisang kan sawi tak 80% te hlawhtlin chhan chu zirlaibu hmang a in zir fin leh thiamna lam ni lovin Rilru sukthlek (Attitude) an pianpui BA finna dik leh tha an neih vang zu ni tlat a mawle!

Kan eizawnna lam thil a ni emaw kan mimal nun leh thlarau/rilru lam thil emaw pawh nise, kan hlawhtling emaw hlawhchham chhan emaw chu kan fin leh rem hriat vang emaw vang a ni vek dawn hauh lo mai tih chu a chiang hle. Miin rilru sukthlek tha leh dik a neih loh chuan hruaitu tha a ni thei dawn em ni? Rilru mumal pu ngailo mi chuan ram a kaihruai tha thei dawn em ni? Zirlai naupang leh zirtirtu, nu leh pa te, dawrkai leh kut hnathawk te, sawrkar hnathawk leh sumdawng te pawhin rilru sukthlek ṭha leh mumal tak an neih loh chuan an thiltih-ah an hlawhtling theiin i ring em? Chuvang chuan, hlawhtlin kan tumna lam thil te chu eng lam hawi pawh lo nise, kan hlawhtlinna tur a lungphum pawimawh hmasa ber chu kan rilru puthmang leh kan sukthlekpui dan hi a ni lo thei lovang. Chuvang chuan kan pianpui BA kha hmang tangkai ila, hlawhtlinna i paw chhuak ang u. Chumi kan rilru sukthlek kan siamna kawngah chuan Pathian mitah a dik em? tih hian kan ngaihdan te hruai fo teh se. Mahse Pathian mitah a dik em tih kan tehna kawngah hian kan hriat tur pawimawh em em chu - Pathian rilru hi i duh angin teh ngawt suh, i duh ang ang rilru put tir ngawt suh. WWJD kan hria em?? “What Would Jesus Do” tihna a ni a, i thiltih turah khan Nangmah leh nangmah kha in zawt la, “Isua nise engtin nge a tih ang” tih hi i in zawt hmasa ṭhin ang u. He mi ah hian lehkha zir san lampang a ṭha love ka tihna a nilo mahse Nepolean a hun lai a Sipai Huaisen tak Nepolean a pawh do let ve ṭang ṭang ngam Duke of Wellington chuan “Sakhuanna tellova mi lehkha i thiam tir chuan, ramhuai sual tak i siam a ni ngawt e.” alo ti a ni. He mi aṭang pawh hian kan hrethiam mai awm e. Pathian tello hi chuan kan zir thiamna neih ve te pawh hi a dik lo zawng a hman mai alo awlsam tak zet a ni.

THUAWIHNA : Samuela chuan “Ngai teh, inthawina aiin thuawih chu a tha zâwk a, berâmpa thau aiin a thu pawm chu a tha zâwk a ni” (I Samuel 15:22) a lo ti a. Tunlai khawvela Ṭhalaite nunin a mamawh ber te zing ami chu ‘Thuawihna’ hi a ni. Sual hnathawh avangin ṭhalai tam tak rilruah helna leh luhlulna in hmun a khuar tlat avangin chhiatna khurah an tawlh lut mek ani. Kan Bible chuan helna leh luhlulna hi aiennna / dawi thiamna (witchcraft) leh milem biak tluk a sual ani tih min hrilh anih kha.(ISamuela 15:23) Tunlai hian sap ramah chuan Setana pawl hial an ding tawh a, chung Setanic Army inti ho chuan an thupui atan, ‘I duh zawng apiang ti rawh’ (Do what thy will) tih hi an hmang a, ṭhalai tam tak pawm nuam tih zawng tak anih avangin an pung chak hle. Mahse he thupui hi Pathian thu kalh, mihring nun tichhetu anih avangin mi tam takin an chhiatpui mek ani. Sap ramah chhungkaw hlun leh awmthei tak hi an awm a, fapa rawlthar an nei a, a hming chu Bill-a a ni. Vawi khat chu Motor Car zawrhna hmunah hian a pa chuan a kalpui a, Bill-a car awh zawng tak mai chu High School a pass chuan lei sak a tiam a ni. Bill-a chuan a car duhzawng tak mai neih theih tum chuan lehkha a zir ta sauh sauh mai a. High School chu a pass ta ngei mai le, mahse a rin loh tak maiin a pa chuan Bible mawi taka tuam hi a pe ta tlat mai. Bill-a chu a lungawi lo khawp mai a, thinrim takin Bible chu a paih tau a, an in aṭang chuan a tlanbo ta nghal a. Hun rei tak hnuah a pa thih thu an rawn hrilh avang chuan a haw leh ta chauh a, a pa nen pawh chuan nung damin an inhmu leh ta lo anih chu. Zan khat chu room chhunga a pa bungruate chu a enkual vel a. Thilmak tak mai a hmu chhuak ta, hmana a pain a pass lawm nana Bible a pek kha a hmu ta nawlh mai a. A han en chian nak chuan Bible phek karah chuan a pa in, high school a pass lawm nan a alo tiam tawh Car leina daih tur chiah pawisa lakchhuah theihna cheque a lo dah chu a zu hmu ta a, mahse cheque chu a thih tawh avangin pawisa chu a lakchhuah theih tawh si loh. Thu a awih mai loh avangin Bill-a chuan a car duh zawng tak leh a pa, amah hmangaih em em tu chu a chan phah ta anih chu. 

Mi tam tak chuan thuhnudawn hauh lo leh mahni nuam tih zawngin kan nun kan hmang a, atawpah kan inchhir leh ṭhin. Ṭhat hunlai hian thil kan la thlir tawi ṭhin avangin thuawih mai harsa kan ti fo, mahse Pathian thu anih avangin kan tan a ṭha ani. Pathian thu, nu leh pa te thu leh kan hotute thu kan awih loh hian tudangmahin an tuar lo va, keimahni ngeiin kan tuar thin. Pathian thuawih loh hi lungngaihna leh mittui tlakna a ni. Kawng leh lamah chuan thuawih hi hlimna leh malsawmna hnar ani a, Bible karah hian nupui, pasal leh kan mamawh tinreng lei theihna cheque a inzep a ni tih hriaiin thuawihna hmanga keu chhuah kan tum tur a ni. Dik tak chuan Pathian thu awih diak diak reng hi a harsa ṭhin a ni. A dik a ni. A thupek zawng zawng zawm te phei chu thil khirh tak a ni. Mahse A kianga awm duh tu tak tak tan chuan Pathian hi mi khirh ani ngai lo. Zawhna pakhat i in zawt teh ang u Pathian thuawih lo turin i lian tawk em? Pathian Fapa meuh pawhin, “..keia thu ni lovin nangma thu thu ni zawk rawh se,” (Luk 22:42) a ti thei anih chuan, keini engmah chhuan tur pawh nei lo, misual chhandamte hian thuawih hi a bata kan bat ani tih hi i hre thar leh ang u. Thuawih lo tur khawp hian kan lian tawk hauh lo a nia! Kan hotu te, kan Ṭhalai hruaitu te kal tlang hian Pathian hian thuawih kan zirna tur tam tak min pe ṭhin a ni. Tih tur ti a kan relah chuan phunnawi mai lovin thu i awih mai ang u. A harsa teh chiam lo. Dl. Moodya’n “Keimah ang mi keimah min tibuai nasatu ka la tawng ngai lo,” alo tih hi a dik khawp mai. Midangte hian kan vui vai na an thlen teh chiam lo, keimahni bawk hian vui vaina kan insiam ṭhin zawk a ni!! Hruaitute pawhin tlin lohna tam tak an nei ang mahse chungah te chuan phunnawi mai lovin, thuawih zir tlang ila, hei aia nuam leh hlimawm zawk hian MIzo Christian Fellowship (Delhi) hi i siam ang u khai!!

- J.Lh Ralte

TONIC SOLFA CHANCHIN

Hmasang aṭang tawhin ‘Ri’ (sound) hi ziah chhuah a, zir dan mumal zawka siam tumin ngaihtuahna an lo seng nasa hle tawh a. Tunah hian Ri (music) an ziahdan pakhat (Tonic Solfa kan tih hi) a lo chhuahdan leh a zuih ral tak dan, Mizoten Zai leh Rimawia hma kan sawnpui dan han sawi ka tum a ni.

A ṬOBUL : Tonic Solfa (Moveable Do), Mizoten kan hriat lar em em hi Sarah Clover (1785-1867) hmuhchhuah a ni a. Ani hma ah hian Guido Arezzo Puithiam chuan note paruk “ut, re, me, fa, so, la” te hi a lo hmang tawh tho ṭhin a, Guido hian Monk (puithiam a ni ber ang chu) anih angin an hunlaia Church Choirs ten an sak ṭhin “Gregorian Chant” chu ka (oral) a inzirtir mai lova ziaka zirtir dan a ngaihtuah chhuak a, a ziak an hmuha a thluk an hriat nghal mai theih na turin, line hmangin ri sang leh hniamte siamin tuna staff notation, khawvel pumpui in music ziah nana kan hman hi a lo duang chhuak a. Staff Notation hmuchhuaktu tiin a hming hi a dai tawh dawn lo a ni. Chutih rual chuan Tonic Solfa pawh hi a bultumtu tak chu a ni tho bawk. Ani hnu ah hian “ut, re, me, fa, so, la” kha Sarah Clover-i, Norwich chuan siam danglamin “do, re, me” hi a rawn siamthar a, Tonic Solfa hmuchhuaktu angin khawvelin a hre ta a ni.

A VANGLAI : Rev. John Curwen chuan pastor naupang takin Pathian rawngbawlhna a tana, Sunday Schoolah naupang hla zirtirin a hun a hmang ṭhin. Naupang tan Staff chhiar mai te a lo harsat avangin Sarah Clover-i lo hman thin “do, re, me” hmang hlate a zirtir ṭhin a ni. 1841 ah Sunday School Teacher Conference in Solfa chu siam belh (innovate) theihna thuneihna an pe ta a. Staff Notation aṭang thoa copy in Bar line, beat ṭhen hrandan te, a hand sign te siambelhin, tuna Tonic Solfa hi mumal takin a rawn duang chhuak a, a zirtir dan hi “New Curwen Method” ti a hriat lar a ni. Tin Staff aṭanga Tonic Solfa a letlingin Song Book, Text Book chu kum 1858 ah a publish bawk. A zirtir dan a awlsam vang hian Europe ah a lar chak em em a. 1860-1891 ah phei chuan English Education Dept. chuan Elementary School-a Music Teaching Method atan a pawmpui hial a ni. Tichuan London ah Curwen Tonic Solfa College chu 1879 ah an din ta rup mai a. Publishing nen J. Curwen and Sons Music Publishing chu dinin, Tonic Solfa chuan a lar vanglai a thleng tak meuh meuh a ni. A larna chhan em em chu Staff aiin zir a awlsamin ziah a nuam zawk a, hei vang hian Missonary ten an Mission Field-ah zai zirtir nan an theh lar em em a ni. Entirnan- India, Madagascar, China, Japan, South Sea Island leh a dangteah hian Missionary vangin Tonic Solfa hi a lar hle. Mizoram pawn kan Missionary, Pi Zaii te vangin Solfa hi kan lo hmelhriat ve a ni.

A HUN HNUHNUNG : Amaherawh chu Staff Notation chu a luahlan tak tak thei lo, Tonic Solfa chuan chuai lam a pan tial tial a, zai nan bak a hmantlak miau loh avangin a zuihral tial tial a, tunah hian Mizoram leh South Africa khawmualpui ah hian State pakhatin an la hmang tih loh chu hmang an awm ta lo. Kan Synod pawn khawvel music ruala pen ve tumin Kristian hla bu hi Staff notion veka dah tumin hma a la mek a ni. Tichuan, Curwen Music Publisher ni ṭhin kha Curwen Press ti a hming thlakin Tonic Solfa chu 1970’s khan a lo tawp ta a ni.

TONIC SOLFA MIZOTEN KAN HMELHRIAT TAN DAN : Kan Missionary Pi Zaii (“Miss K. Hughes” 1889-1963) kha Curwen Tonic Solfa College, Associate Tonic Solfa College, London (ATSC) aṭanga Degree nei a ni a. Ani hnen aṭang hian Mizoten Tonic Solfa kan hmelhriat a, a lakah hian Mizo mipui te pawh hian bat kan ngah hle. A hnen atang hian mi 2 velin Matriculation Certificate an nei hman a ni. A hming ka han hriat theih mai chu Pu Rosiama (Sakawrtuichhun), ahnu a Burma lama pem ta kha a ni. Pu Rosiama hi Mizo zingah chuan ATSC hmasa ber a ni awm e, a hnen aṭang hian Matriculate an chhuak leh nuala, Rev. Vanlalringa, Pu C. Vulluaia (Ex Minister), Pu Laldingliana, Pu Awia leh mi 30 vel in Matriculation Certificate hi an Passed leh a ni. Tin, Exam hi Theory leh Practical a hrang tih hre bawk ta i la. Anni bakah hian Solfa thiam tak tak an awm ṭeuh mai, certificate nei ang chi chu khing ho khi ka han tarlan theih ho chu ni ta se. Pu Vanmawia(L) te, Pu V. Thangzama (L) leh Pu Rokunga (L) te.. Tin, tunlai mi deuh ah chuan Dr. Ramdinthara te leh midang an tam ang. Heng kan mithiam talent nei tha tak tak te atang hian hla tha tak tak kan thlarau nun chawm em em hla, Pathian in min pe a, tun thlenga kan la sak nin theih loh te an ni.

KAN HMASAWN PUI DAN : Tonic Solfa Mizoten kan hlawkpuina em em pakhat chu a tlangpuiin hnam dangte nena khaikhinin Mizo te hi kan zai lai ngai vak lo. Kan beng hian ri dik leh dik lo te hi a hriain, zai ngaina vak lo pawn zai lai (flat/sharp) leh lai lo chu kan hre deuh vek a ni.Vai ho te hi thiam tak tak chu awm mahse a nawlpui hi chuan music kalphung leh an zai lai nge lai lo tih pawh hre lo hi an ni deuh vek a ni. A chhan bul berah chuan Kristian kan nih vang leh naupan lai atanga upat thlenga Biakinah kan hun tam zawk hmang kan ni a, Sunday School aṭangin hla kan zir a, Ṭhalai ah zaipawl ah kan lut chho leh a. Zai uar hnam tih takah khawhar in, Krismas, YMA thil tih engkimah hian zai tellohna chu vang tak a ni ang. Heng zawng zawng te hi Tonic Solfa in kan khawtlang nun/Kohhrana a nghawng zingah chhiar tel ta ila a pawmawm viau tho a ni. Tonic Solfa hi zai nan ngawr ngawr chuan a tluk a awm kher lovang, famkim chiah lo mahse Zaipawl harmony zir nan te hian hriatthiam a awlsam em em a, kan Missonary hmasa ten hymn/ Sacred Christian hlaa min lo chawm lian hi kan vanneih pui hle. Hla harmonized dan te kan hmelhriat phah a, Western music-a har ber chu harmony leh composition hi a ni awm e. Contemporary music khan min lo enkawl ta se, tun dinhmun hi Mizote hian kan thleng kher lo maithei, hei pawh Tonic Solfa vang tho alo ni.

KAN VANNEI HLE : He Tonic Solfa in Mizote zai leh rimawi-a min tih ṭhanlen dan hi chu sawi leh ziah ṭeuh tur a awm awm e, duhtawk ta mai ila. A bul ber ah chuan Pathian in Mizote Amah fak leh chawimawi nan he Tonic Solfa hi min pe a, kan thlarau leh rinna te chawm nung turin hla min pe a, chumi ziahchhuah nan chuan Tonic Solfa hi Pathian in Mizote tan liau liau min pe niin ka hre fo ṭhin a, kan vannei hle a ni. Music khawvelah ral tawhin khawvelin hmang tawh lo mahse, Mizote thinlungah hi chuan Tonic Solfa hi a reh mai mai tawh lo vang.

(Hun rei tak chhung a inkhek khal tawh a, tunah hei Tonic Solfa chungchang bengvarthlak tak mai min ziak saktu, kan Musician chhuanvawr Tv. Ngaiha chungah kan lawm tak meuh meuh a ni, a dang pawh min hlui leh zel kan beisei…Ed.)

- B. Lalngaihzuala

NU HMANGAIHNA LEH PAWIMAWHNA

Nu in pum chhung aṭanga min pai lai aṭang tawhin engkimah fimkhur reng rengin hun leh ni an hmang ṭhin a, chaw ṭha (Vitamin) ṭha ṭha an ei ṭhin bawk. Chung an thiltih chu an mahni hmakhua an ngaih vang ni lovin an fate kut ke kim lovin an lo piang palh ang emaw ka fa hi a lo hrisel nan tiin an lo induat ṭhin zawk a ni. Chuvangin khawvel eng kan hmuh hma daih tawh aṭangin hmangaihna in kan nu te hian min lo enkawl daih tawh a lo ni reng mai! 

Khawvel eng kan hmuh hnuah chuan engkim min zirtir a. ‘A Pa’ tih aiin ‘A Nu’ tih kan lo thiam hmasa ṭhin. Khawvel hming zawng zawng lam ngun berte zingah ‘Ka Nu’ tih hi a lang tel ve an ti. Kan dam loh in emaw, thin phu zawk a kan awm chang te hian ‘Awi ka pa’ tih aiin ‘Awi ka nu’ tih hi kan hmang tam zawk ṭhin. Chu chuan nu hmangaihna in kan thisen zunzam min fan chhuak vek a ni tih a tarlang lang bawk. Kan dam lovin kan tan Doctor/Nurse nunnem tak an ni a, kan mangan lungngaih changin min hnemtu an ni leh bawk ṭhin. Kan lawmna niah min lawmpuitu niin, kan tan zirtirtu leh Missionary an ni cheu bawk.

Khawvel suahsualnaah tlan lut mah ila, an hmangaihna chuan min um zui zel a, an hmangaihna chu a chuai ve ngai lo. Nun kawng dik kan zir theih nan Lalpa hnenah mittui nen min ṭawngṭai sak ṭhin bawk. Sap ho chuan ‘First Love Can’t Forget’ an ti a, kei chuan ‘First Lover Can’t Forget’ ka ti ve thung ang. Hmangaihna ka dawn hmasak ber chu ka nu hmanagihna a ni a, hmangaihtu ka neih hmasak ber ka nu chu englai mahin ka theihnghilh tawh lovang. Ṭawng hrang hrang hmangin hmangaihna awmzia hi sawi fiah an tum ṭhin a, Greek ho chuan, “Agape, Phileo, Eros” tiin hmangaihna an thliar hrang ṭhin. Chu chu sap hovin, “True Romantic Love, Spiritual Love, Physical Love” tiin an thliar hrang bawk. William Shakespeara chuan “Love Is Blind”, “Love Is Perfect Only When Shared” a lo ti bawk a. Tin, “Love Is Not a Noun, But a Verb. Love Is Not Emotion, But As Action,” tih a ni bawk. Mahse kei chuan hmangaihna awmzia sawi fiah duh chuan ‘Nu Hmangaihna’ aṭangin sawi fiah tum ṭhin se, an tum tak chu an sawi fiah theih ngei ka ring tlat.

Nu Pawimawhna : Kristian nundan mawi leh ṭha min zirtirtu chu kan nu te hi an ni. Thufing. 21:19 ah chuan, “Hmeichhe an hmang leh phunchiar nen a awm ai chuan thlaler rama awm a ṭha zawk,” a ti. Chhungkhuaah hian pa chu roreltu leh thu neitu, chhungkua chawmtu ni mahsela, fate enkawl a, nun dan zirtirtu chu nu a ni. Nu te hi an ṭhat chuan an fate an ṭha a, nu a ṭhat loh chuan fate pawh an sual duh. Chu chu thufingin, “Kawi pawh a kawm a ṭhat chuan a rah pawh a ṭha,” an lo ti reng bawk a ni. Hei hian nu te hi kan entawn ber an ni tih a hai lang.

Pa zirtirna chu pa hlauh vangin fa ten an zawm a, nu zirtirna chu nu hmangaihna avangin thuawi takin an zawm ṭhin a, an ngaithla duh bik bawk. George Herbert-a chuan, “Nu ṭha tak pakhat chu zirtirtu za tluk a ni”, a ti. General ropui tak Napolean-a chuan, “Khawvel a nu zawng zawng hi ka nu ang chu ni sela, tan in awm a ngai lovang,” a ti. Tin, American Atales Man, John Randolp-a chuan, “Ka naupang lain ka nu in ka kutah a chelh a, ‘Kan Pa van a mi, I hming zahawm rawh se’ mi tih tir ṭhin kha hre chhuak ṭhin lo ila chuan Pathian ring lo mi, Pathian a awm lo ti pawl ka ni ang,” a ti bawk.

Chuvangin nute hmangaihna hlut zia leh thuk zia te, nute pawimawh zia te hi keini an faten hre rengin Nu te ni a lo thlen hian thinlung leh tih tak zetin keini nu la nei te hian i chawimawi ṭheuh ang u.

- Alex Ch Zanghakliana